Enhancing Medical Students' Reflective Capacity: Utilizing Reflective Practice Questionnaire as an Action Research Diagnostic Tool.

Introduction Reflection is the intentional evaluation of one's beliefs or understanding in consideration of the available evidence. Reflection has been noted to enhance profound learning and critical thinking and is an essential foundation of experiential learning. The Reflective Practice Questionnaire (RPQ) is a valid and reliable tool for assessing reflective capacity among medical students. It assesses not only reflective capacity but also other psychological constructs relevant to reflective practice, such as job satisfaction, confidence while interacting with patients, stress during patient interaction, desire for improvement, and feelings of uncertainty. The use of RPQ as a diagnostic tool for improving reflective capacity among medical students is scarcely available in the literature. Thus, the present study aimed to utilize the RPQ for identifying discrete action points for training and future improvement in reflective capacity. Materials and methods The present cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 300 medical students of a medical college. To identify the clusters or meaningful subgroups within the study population, cluster analysis was done. Inter-correlation between subscales of RPQ was performed by forming Pearson's correlation matrix to understand the dynamics between various subscales of RPQ. Results Five groups were identified in the cluster analysis: typical (25.6%), reflective (27%), non-reflective (16.7%), unconfident (14%), and overconfident (16.7%). This sets the template for specific action points for each group identified above. Reflective capacity was positively correlated with Desire for Improvement (DfI), General Confidence (CG), Communication Confidence (CC), and Job Satisfaction (JS). It was also positively correlated with negative outcomes such as Uncertainty (Unc) and Stress when Interacting with Patients (SiC). Conclusion RPQ can be used as a diagnostic tool in terms of reflective capacity for action research.

Unveiling the Link: A Comprehensive Narrative Review of the Relationship Between Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Celiac Disease.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune condition with a genetic predisposition. It has underlying autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic cells that produce insulin. It is often accompanied by other autoimmune conditions. This article focuses on celiac disease (CD), also an autoimmune disease. It is caused by gluten exposure. Both these conditions have genetic predisposing factors. Apart from the genetic background, aberrant small intestine immune response, inflammation, and different grades of enteropathy present in T1DM and CD are the same. With a mean frequency of 8%, the CD frequency of T1DM ranges from 3 to 16%. All T1DM patients should undergo serological testing for CD using antibodies to tissue transglutaminase at the time of T1DM onset. Individuals with T1DM and those accompanied by CD must follow a diet with no gluten. To outline the steps that can avert the development of these disorders and reduce the morbidity of the affected people, a complete understanding of the intricate pathophysiology of T1DM and its connection to CD has been undertaken in this review. The use of resources, such as PubMed and Google Scholar, has made this possible.

Review of Phytochemicals Present in Psidium guajava Plant and Its Mechanism of Action on Medicinal Activities.

For centuries, herbal remedies have been employed to address a variety of human ailments, and Psidium guajava Linn (Myrtaceae), commonly known as guava, stands out as a noteworthy medicinal plant with significant pharmacological potential. In India, particularly in rural areas where access to conventional medicines can be limited, the various parts of the Psidium guajava plant, including its leaves, bark, roots, and fruit, have been harnessed for their therapeutic properties to tackle various health issues. Psidium guajava Linn proves to be a valuable repository of essential nutrients along with bioactive compounds such as α-terpineol, ß-caryophyllene (trans-caryophyllene), rutin, α-humulene, oleanolic acid, flavonoids, and quercetin. These components exhibit diverse medicinal activities, encompassing anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-bronchitis, anti-proliferative, anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, and anti-diabetic effects. Every facet of the guava plant holds economic significance and is cultivated on a large scale. Taxonomically, Psidium guajava can be classified within the Plantae kingdom, Magnoliophyta division, Magnoliopsida class, Rosidae subclass, Myrtales order, Myrtaceae family, Myrtoideae subfamily, Myrteae tribe, Psidium genus, Guajava species. This adaptability of guava to various soils and environmental conditions facilitates relatively easy cultivation, yielding rapid fruit production. Its widespread cultivation across India is attributed to its manifold commercial applications. To comprehensively comprehend how this plant can effectively address the array of health challenges encountered by the Indian populace, this review delves into its multifaceted therapeutic properties, highlighting its significance in healthcare practices. Ongoing research endeavors by investigators continue to uncover novel medicinal attributes associated with Psidium guajava, enriching our understanding of its potential benefits.

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L): A Fruitful Fountain of Remedial Potential.

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) has long been used for medical purposes. Punica protopunicas and Punica granatum L. are two prominent species of pomegranate, generally known as "Anar" and farmed worldwide. Its medicinal value is documented in several ancient texts. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the remedial uses of pomegranate in traditional and modern medicine. The methodology employed for this review involves a systematic literature search, collection of relevant articles, and critical analysis of their content. The review covers the botanical properties, phytochemical composition, and diverse remedial applications of pomegranate, including its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, cardiovascular, antimicrobial, and dermatological properties. The gathered data emphasizes the potential benefits of pomegranate-derived compounds in managing a range of health issues. This review sheds light on the importance of pomegranate as a valuable natural resource for various therapeutic interventions and encourages further research to unlock its full remedial potential. Traditional medicine is gaining popularity to restore health to individuals with few negative effects. Due to the existence of key phytochemical elements such as flavonoids, punic acid, ellagic acid, anthocyanins, ellagitannins, flavones, and estrogenic flavonoids, it has a wide range of clinical applications.

Tachycardia and fever after packed red cell (PRC) infusion: A case report.

A 56-year-old female patient with a body weight of 60 kg was brought to the hospital with hematemesis and received one unit of packed red cells (PRCs) for this condition. After 30 min, the patient experienced tachycardia of 120 beats/min and an increased body temperature of 102°F. The patient had no relevant medical history of allergy or similar episodes in the past. The patient was not suffering from any coagulopathies or sickle cell anaemia, which is a prevalent condition in the region. The patient was receiving the PRC for the first time. After this event, the infusion was stopped and immediately injection meropenem, pantoprazole and ondansetron IV were administered. The patient's condition normalised after 6 h. No re-challenge was given after the recovery of the patient. Suspected ADR was analysed according to the World Health organization (WHO) causality assessment scale and the causality was "Possible". Meticulous monitoring and prompt therapy were provided. The patient was discharged after observing for 24 h. The adverse drug reaction was possibly caused due to the PRCs.

Ayurgenomics in Anti-Viral Therapy: A Literature Synthesis.

This review focuses on Ayurgenomics (AG) used in antiviral therapy. According to Ayurveda, three doshas govern Prakriti, the natural organizational structure of humans. AG is a new field in modern medicine that focuses on establishing individualized self-care. It is a modern therapeutic and preventive method that enhances a person's mental and physical well-being. Due to the threat of emerging lethal viruses and the significant role of Ayurveda in the pandemic, modern genetics studies have emerged. Prakriti, an Ayurvedic notion that AG incorporates, correlated with three doshas (phenotypes) called vata, pitta, and kapha. Each Prakriti individual had a specific balance for each dosha. To date, the most recent field of AG, which aims to characterize Prakriti types in terms of current genetics and physiology, has provided the best definition. Four databases were searched for studies on this topic using the keywords "Ayurgenomics" and "Anti-Viral Therapy." Four articles that demonstrated a favorable approach for the application of AG were gathered for synthesis. According to this study, employing Adhatoda Vasica and Cissampelos pareira L extracts improved the viral structure of the SAR-CoV-2 virus. Further studies involving human participants are required to rule out the positive effects of AG in real-world contexts.

Robotic Surgery: A Narrative Review.

In general surgery, the use of robotic and laparoscopic methods has increased. Robotic surgery that requires the least incision has advanced over the years in a short period of time, benefitting both the patient and the surgeon. According to this, robotic platforms and tools are now being used and improved more commonly in general surgery. In a quickly growing and dynamic environment of research and development, the goal of this review is to explore the present and emerging surgical robotic technologies. Future progress in robotics will focus primarily on more durable haptic systems that would provide tactile and kinesthetic input, miniaturisation and micro-robotics, better visual feedback with higher fidelity detail and magnification, and autonomous robots. It is recommended to develop a structured training course with benchmarks for success and evidence-based training strategies. This usually includes a step-by-step progression starting with observation, case aid in programming and manipulation of surgical instruments, learning the basics of robotics in a dry and wet lab setting, attaining non-technical skills on an individual and team level, and monitored modular console training, accompanied by autonomous practice. Prior to independent practice, basic robotics skills and procedural activities must be performed safely and effectively as part of robotic surgical training. It is advised to create a systematic training programme with performance indicators and research-based instructional techniques.

Role of Technology in Detection of COVID-19.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus caused coronavirus infection termed as COVID-19, an illness that has spread devastation all over the world. It was developed first in China and had swiftly spread throughout the world. COVID has created imposed burden on health in the lives of all individuals around the globe. This article provides a number of unprecedented detection technologies used in the detection of infection. COVID has created a large number of symptoms in the young, adolescent as well as elderly population. Old age people are susceptible to fatal serious symptoms because of low immunity. With these goals in mind, this article includes substantial condemning descriptions of the majority of initiatives in order to create diagnostic tools for easy diagnosis. It also provides the reader with a multidisciplinary viewpoint on how traditional approaches such as serology and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) along with the frontline techniques such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas and artificial intelligence/machine learning have been utilized to gather information. The story will inspire creative new ways for successful detection therapy and to prevent this pandemic among a wide audience of operating and aspiring biomedical scientists and engineers.

Partial in vitro and in vivo red scorpion venom neutralization activity of Andrographis paniculata.

OBJECTIVE: Red scorpion (Mesobuthus tamulus) is the most lethal among all poisonous species of scorpions. Envenoming by Mesobuthus tamulus is quite common along the western coast of India, without any established therapy. Andrographis paniculata is one of the plants that has long been used in traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of poisoning by animal bites. Hence, the study was planned to evaluate the ethanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata for the treatment of Mesobuthus tamulus envenoming. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ethanolic extract of the plant Andrographis paniculata was obtained using a soxhelet apparatus. Lyophilized venom sample of Mesobuthus tamulus was used. Swiss albino mice weighing 20-30 g were used in the study. Calculation of LD(99) of Mesobuthus tamulus venom was performed using Turner's method. Acute toxicity of Mesobuthus tamulus venom and its neutralization by the plant extract at a dose of 1 g/kg and 2 g/kg in vivo was seen. Neutralization of the lethal venom effect of Mesobuthus tamulus by plant extract at the dose of 1 g/kg and 2 g/kg by Alam and Gome's method (in vitro) was also seen. RESULTS: The LD(99) of Mesobuthus tamulus venom from this study was determined to be 25.12 µg/g and the LD(50) was 15.85 µg/g. In the acute toxicity and in vivo neutralization study, plant extract at the dose of 1 g/kg and 2 g/kg resulted in a mean survival of 62.667 min and 39.333 min, respectively. Neutralization of the lethal venom effect of Mesobuthus tamulus by the plant extract at the dose of 1 g/kg and 2 g/kg by Alam and Gome's method (in vitro) showed a mean survival of 49.667 min and 42.5 min, respectively. CONCLUSION: The ethanolic extract of Adrographis paniculata has some protective effect against the red scorpion venom in mice but does not offer any survival benefit.

Role of cinnarizine and nifedipine on anticonvulsant effect of sodium valproate and carbamazepine in maximal electroshock and pentylenetetrazole model of seizures in mice.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of calcium channel blockers (CCBs) cinnarizine and nifedipine on maximal electroshock (MES)-induced and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced convulsions and also their effect in combination with conventional antiepileptic drugs (CAED). MATERIALS AND METHODS: For this study, Swiss albino mice were used. Effects of cinnarizine (30 mg/kg), nifedipine (5 mg/kg), sodium valproate (300 mg/kg) and carbamazepine (8 mg/kg) alone and in combination were studied in MES and PTZ seizure models. Abolition of hind limb tonic extension was an index of anticonvulsant activity in MES, while for PTZ seizures, failure to observe even a single episode of tonic spasm for 5 s duration for 1 h was the index. With this, percentage protection was calculated and statistical analysis was carried out using Fisher's exact test (Ovvind Langsrud software, German version). RESULTS: In MES seizures, augmented effects were obtained when cinnarizine was combined with sodium valproate, i.e. 100%. In PTZ-induced seizures, augmented effects were obtained when nifedipine was combined with sodium valproate, i.e. 100%. Thus, cinnarizine added to sodium valproate therapy produces significant protection against MES seizures while nifedipine added to sodium valproate therapy produces significant protection against PTZ seizures. CONCLUSION: The results provide a lead for potential benefit of adding CCBs to sodium valproate in the treatment of epilepsy, which needs to be explored further.